they want to have their fair day in court. damages and pain and suffering and just compensation for their injuries. they want these things. people like you get your story out that this is what is happening because of corporate money. ..

terrific program, terrific report. encode it's the best report i've seen in a long time because the fullness of the information about the independent spending is really striking, and you all are to be really commended for it. i thought exactly the right question was asked. what's the best way to do something about this. i thought exactly the right answer came from justice nelson if there's one thing, there's disclosure. what are you as followup in the report going do.

you referred to strong disclosure what a word about who it means. what it means we have no states as far as i know, or one or two hide, where the disclosure is effectively required. the state have any reference to it, they use the magic word hurdle. what if any followup will the center be engaging in? >> thank you for the thanks on the report and the softball question. for us, this is going to be a 24/7 project as it has been. andrew gave the introductory remarks will continue do the reresearch and the advocacy one of the unique things about the institution we have a think tank and the advocacy because we believe action without ideas are

just -- we try to be at the intersection. i think we need to think about disclosure in two stages. one is the research which should be easy in this day in age who is writing the check to whom. it's more complicated with the expenditure and the abuse for the loophole for those running paid advertisements. the second component is the research of connecting those donations to impact on peoples' lives which you've heard about in stories today. one thing shifted in the political wing you might have a billionaire own each side what you might call return on investment giving. which isn't based on the case. it's based on the case changes norm in our society whether it's okay to write a $10 billion or

pledge $400 billion. we are looking how the donors will see a 30, 40, 50% return of investment in a first year. based on actual policy changes. we want to make sure we do the research not just where the money is coming from and how much which i think is shocking to people. what that then means, i think we come back to the hot coffee for a reason. when people come to see they run an ad about gay marriage or letting a criminal out. this it was cheaper for them to buy a justice than to pay a liability. i think the disclosure we need to look into is not just the giving, but doing the research when we have the capacity to do it show what it means for people in the every day lives. that's certain we're

submitdded to do the gentleman in their own capacity fight for this. >> i agree. one thing i wasn't trying to be rude. this is a brief that was filed in the american judicial in montana by former retired justice of the supreme court, but the -- was the attorney that wrote the brief detailed one part of this. the extreme difficulty that was faced when people were interested trying to follow the money in a, i think it was the michigan supreme court the justice thrown out of office. it was look -- like looking at

cayman bank account it was layer upon layer upon layer of protective corporations. it points what i said. these people do not like transparent. ic it's important but it's difficult. >> yeah. i mean, it all goes back to disclosure and focusing lights on the problem. i'm out there constantly speaking on the issues. i was in seattle last weekend. folks have no idea what's happening in the judicial system. and the influence that corporations are attempting to have on the judicial system. so we have to educate and disclose. i mean, those are what we have to do. you know, as a result of what i've gone through, i was a justice on the mississippi supreme court subject to a lot of this negative advertising.

i feel i'm compelled to speak out and help educate. the worst thing that happened to me, i'm in private practice, i'm making lawyer money instead of judge things. i'm a well known lawyer in the state of mississippi. it may not be a big thing. my career is not diminished because of it. i certainly have been able to take a stand and i think people have respected that. i mentioned the family who lived with their medical malpractice problem, they have for the rest of their life. hot coffee tell the story of jamie lee jones who was subject to the agreement with halliburton. she was brutally abused and raped when he went to iraq.

she signed an arbitration agreement and couldn't sue. al franken took her calls, through her efforts and the efforts of others was able to -- we have the problems and disclosure and education are the solutions that we have to do that. >> well, we were appreciate everyone coming. i think how deeply it is integrated from the "gill kill a mocking bitter" when you think about how many shows on television are something noble "law and order" or "csi" we value the independ view jew dish area. these are two men that work on that. we want to thank them for their courage and profession.

[applause] [inaudible] if you want a full version, you should go to american progress.org. the soviet bear may be gone. there's wolves in the woods. we saw that in saddam hussein invaded cue wait, the mideast mite have become a nuclear powder keg, our energy supply hostic, we did what was right, and what was necessary we destroyed a -- free to people and locked a tyrant in the prison of his own country. >> tonight 10 million of our fellow americans are out of work. tens of billions work harder for

lower pay, the incumbent president says unemployment guys up a little before the recovery begins. unemployment only has to go up by one more person before a real recovery can begin. several live events to tell you about this morning here on c c-span2. known as sequestration or attack

the national guard. that's on c-span at 11 a.m. eastern. now a look at the global effect of the american technology. the aspen substitute posted this hour-long event that included events from google executive and dick costolo ceo of twitter. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] thank you all. welcome. let me ask you to take your seats, if you may. i want to thank jerry murdoch and gina murdoch. the chairs of the gala event. on behalf of the chairman bob steel and myself welcome you to the summit gala event.

we have duoconversations here. i'm going to moderate the second but on ther theory that you have seen enough of me. zoe bared will moderate the first. an old friend and one of the great pioneers of the digital age. let me turn it over to zoe. we're here today to learn i'm delighted to be interviewing to you. she's the chief technology

strategies for sisco. she is a real scientist. one of the ways, one of the stories i can tell you to confirm that took place almost twenty years ago now when she was sent, she has no idea. sent her wonderful husband a former boarding school are roommate off to the drug store to get a pregnancy test. she thought she might be pregnant. he dutifully came off. she took the test and it was positive. now most of us would have started celebrating. not her. she sent him back to the drug story for another one. nothing can be truth unless it can be replicated for her. >>. >> she got her two data points and her wonderful child that is 19. tell us briefly what do you do

in a day job. >> sisco is a company that that makes the internet run. it's the backbone of the internet. the physical infrastructure every time you send a message or tweet. it goes through dissew in the backyard. it's a global company about 50,60,000 employees on a worldwide basis including our partners. about $40 billion in revenue. my day job is to double up the technology strategy in the country. i did recently engineering about three weeks ago i moved to a new role, i run all for sisco. it is a company that made up of ak scwixes.

about about 26-year-old. we have integrated about 50 companies. it's an extremely part of sisco, i now run it. >> your background includes being a major force in the development of moble technology when you were at motorola. you have been with a company for a number of years that is the force creating the internet. as you look at how profound those changes have been and think about your strategies going forward and what you see happening in the expansion and explosion of data and the ability to networking and connect data and the explosion of social networking and the unstructured data that is coming from social networking. do you think it is going to

profoundly impactful on all of our lives and businesses and social interaction since the intesh net and moble technology happened. >> i started my cor courier -- [inaudible] communication devices which lead to the beginning of the cell phone i was with not motorola before coming to cyst koa. the cell phone was invicinitied it was meant to be to be a businessman's cell phone. he would feel a needed to call back to the office. that's where why the cell phone was invented. it is interesting. [inaudible] there is now probably about five

times as many sold for every baby born every second. there are about five babies born on planet earth. there are about forty sold. it's the device we can't live without. the internet played a huge role in connecting person to person. it's actually turning to -- [inaudible] becoming a platform to connect machine to machine communication. those were merging mobile and internet. it's interesting to see what it will create. and some interesting data points for us to keep in mind to think about this next evolution, you know, media will be a big opportunity for us going forward. we are beginning to see the use of [inaudible] it's beyond what we do that is being put on youtube. sisco estimates by the year 2014 we will see a huge amount of

traffic on the networking to the tune about 1.2 million minutes of radio content will travel to the networking every second. a huge amount of traffic will be radio. figure how to -- [inaudible] the time. at the same time, we also expect that in four years, the wireless data will exceed the data. all of the data we are putting and consuming on mobile devices will far exceed that is being created -- [inaudible] those two things combined tell us that mobile and the combination of what mobile means in the future is going to be huge. and, you know, we did a survey of i think about 5,000 college students in 15 country, and it's really interesting what that survey told us. two out of every people in the survey said that they would take a lower paying job than work for a company that doesn't allow them to bring their own device

or have access to networks like twitter and facebook. the freedom to be able to connect and use a device of their choice is more important e to them than what they get paid for their job. that is interesting. and the other data point is one out of three of the students said the internet is as important to them as air, water, or food. i think -- someone is turning over in the grave somewhere. it's become a important part of peoples' lives. the moble twos and how it changed. i was born in india and was raised in india an came to united states to go to grad school. i see the cell phones in rural parts of india, where my husband and i go to visit our families. everybody has a family and they use it differently. it's having a huge impact.

when it'll go in the next decade, i think we also begin to see what people usually are [inaudible] as the internet machine to machine communication. in addition to people communicating, we'll see lots of bandwidth data constantly sent think the networking. see different types of structures. one will be media rich and other small bits of data. we are begit already with are smart grade web power. utility grids are being made better that have sensors that monitor the grid. you can think a set of protocols. electrons moving to ip and that transition will be a huge transition going forward. >> do you think about weather those transitions can be integrated into enabling people to use the fact that the chris

brown everybody with can walk around with one of these or cell phone to create new kinds of jobs that people aren't doing about today. to you think about how to enable that. not somebody just wants to bring their iphone or their -- devices to work that all of sudden they can do new. they have to create ways of making a living that they have never done better? >> yeah. i think, you know, absolutely. sisco how the networking works. we can say it because we want people to be exposed to the networks. but at the same time they understand technology at the deeper level. i think there is different levels you can think about job creation. one is laying out the infrastructure. we are seeing more

connectivity. there are a lots of parts of the world where the connectivity is an issue and broad band is an issue. the sorts of infrastructure that can be put in place that is leveraged. there are other aspects when things we are used to havinged in the physical world turn to the digital world. there was a recent article i was reading in the atlantic or nighttimeses how our brain is actually become has habitual that to using technology and how our brain functions. what happens in the future. it takes 21 days for an action to become a habit. 66 days for something to become a good habit. if you want to start climbing the stairs, you have to do it for 66 days before you start think abouting for as a habit.

but think about how we use our devices constantly. these things become habitual. it's a good habit or a bad habit. it changing the way people's brains function. it will drive jobs to be different. they will be opportunity to drive different kinds of industries. i think in the valley we see it already with thing like pin pinterest. i don't know if people use it. it it's a digital pin board. if remindses me when i was a kid. i used to cut out pictures and use literally pins put it on a bulletin board. now i do it digitally. these will create new opportunities to share and work in a different way going forward. i know, gaming is another thing. it's interesting data point, again, that i was reading somewhere it says that today

that 7 billion hours of gaming every week it happens online. so it's video games online gaming. in some circles you may think it's insane. [inaudible] but at the same time, university of california san francisco done some research that says actually gaming can delay the on set of i did mensha, it improves creativity and being focused. it gamers are focused people. they can stay focused for long periods of time. some of these are at the early stages of figuring out what the future is going to be like. it's exciting to be in this area. >> when you think about being, you know, your own trajectory, one of five women in a class of 250 at the very press

pretentious institute in new dell i had, and you look at the woman around you, how do you feel that things have changed for women in engineering and sciences? i know you spend a lot of time mentoring women and encouraging them to develop in the field. >> yes. so when i went to college, i did my engineering at india institute of technology and they are known as the hard core engineering schools. i was telling yesterday, there was only five women in my class of about 250, you know, i went to college when i was 17. thinking i was the smartest person on the planet. i knew everything. i quickly realized i was with smart people.

people smarter than me. it was intimidated. what helped me get through my engineering curriculum, the facts that there were four other women that felt the same way i did. we stuck together and became a community, so to speak and helped each other. the experience stayed with me. i feel it's important because there are few women in technology and science to help and support each other. i do -- [inaudible] when i bring especially entrepreneurs starting companies i start them with -- [inaudible] there's no press, media, it's informal way to share experiences. how has it changed? i think it has changed from the time i started working, just the notion as a woman you can be yourself and truly be recognized as expert and is a leader is accepted more now than it was

when i started working almost twenty years ago. when i started working and i started my career, which is a hard core technical industry, you know, we were told address dress a certain way, walk a certain way, stand up when you were speaking so people could see you. there were certain behaviors imposed on you as a woman in the industry. i think hopefully these days women that enter the work force can feel like they can themselves. that's what i tell them that i mentor the most important thing is to be who you are. if you love jewelry, wear jewelry, if you love shoes, wear fancy shoes to work. be who who you. i think that's part has changed in the last ten years. >> twenty years ago i thought that one of america's great

global competitive edges or a great competitive edge would be our ability to take advantage of the 50% of our population that was women. and that we would be able to draw on that talent in a way that other countries would not. do you think that's true? is that a place where america has a competitive edge? do you think it's the same within other countries with which we compete? >> i think we have a competitive edge. i think women by and large feel and -- the whole reason i came to the u.s.a. and stayed in the u.s. was the reason. i came here to go to graduate school. i tell women and others who are entering my story. i came to the u.s. with $100 and a one way ticket and i had to be here at school here. i feel like i could be successful here. my original plan was to finish

my ph.d. and go back to india and teach. i could have a great career and family. i think we provide [inaudible] environment people men and women can be competitive and truly rely on their contributions to become successful. having said that, i think in -- i just participated in the research that we did a research university that we did for the congress and we were looking at university research and talking about is american university research weakening? compared to where it was ten years ago? is the issue university administration and research programs? participation of companies, or contribution by the federal/state government. it's a combination of both factors. i feel concerned that we need do more to maintain our edge in higher research in universities. that, i think, you know, it's still where we differentiate from other countries.

t a magnet to get talent from the rest of the world. it is important to maintain our competitiveness in higher ands higher levels of research within universities. >> so in addition to taking advantage of the talents of women in the country, and investing more in research, what else do you see as potentially competitive edge for this country as we compete with india, china, and others? >> i think entrepreneurship and competitiveness is an edge here. the notion of silicon valley is to replicate. i think there have been a lot of case studies done can we do that? we are seeing more and more pockets like the innovation come up in new york city and other parts of the country. it is extremely it important. i was on a state department sponsored trip to russia, and

russia is now thinking about creating a concentrated effort where they can encourage entrepreneurs to start companies. i think this is where you u.s. truly leads the world. i think we need to maintain that magic formula of creating great risk taking with great ideas that people -- young people can come up with ideas that grow into big companies like googling with twitter, i think that keeps us apart from the rest of the world. we need to do everything to preserve it. it's a combination of various things. [laughter] >> here's a hard question. i'm throwing a softball. when president obama was elected he was interested in you being the chief officer. with your family, that's not the way you went.

what would your priorities be?? [inaudible] i think there is a lot we can do. first and foremost, investing in big problems that we need to solve whether it's alternative energy or bio synthetic materials, new materials. there's a lot we can do as a country in understanding the research that happens in universities now in materials. i'm a material scientist. maybe i'm biased. going back to physically creating new kinds of things is as important as the web and [inaudible] me saying this i work at cicso now. it's important look at physical innovations as well as technical innovation. [inaudible] sponsor large-scale research projects working with research

project. companies benefit from that. it creates something new come ling out of that. that would be something the president would have to have as a mandate from a technology point of view. >> we won't get into the question whether you can have it all. [laughter] which is we talked about here a lot. a question, how is it you manage to keep fresh and indeed to succeed in it all. family, so you a wonderful husband and a wonderful child. you have an extraordinary career. you were out hiking this morning. the the new york times tell us you take a digital detox. what is it? >> every saturday morning i made a rule a year and a half. i took a new job a year and a half ago [inaudible] and i was working all the time.

literally. it was really getting to me. about a year and a half ago i made on saturday morning, it's my time. and i write poetry, i paint, this morning we wept hiking. i want to do something that keeps me away from all devices. i really am disciplined about doing that. i'm trying to make it a habit. i've done it for more than 66 days now. hopefully it's a good habit. there are occasions where i have to travel and i blow my own rule. i feel it's really important. in the article i talk about it as a reboot for my brain. i find there's things happening constantly when you exercise physically you feel energy. i feel when met at a meditate or paint i think more clearly.

what i would have sent as a nasty e-mail, it's nicer. it's a way for me to think clearly. >> it's a great privilege to having you here. [applause] [inaudible conversations] thank you, zoe. while they're getting seated and all, let me say that this evening we are honoring the three of them for the service to technology to society but the reason that my old hero eric smith and my new hero dick costolo. long time. young and long time many a hero is not only to talk as

technologist but something we've been talk abouting a lot this summer which is the effective technology on democrat and world affairs. the best book to be written next year will be written by eric and jeered about the effect of the technology in the arab spring and the democracy movement in this country. dick somebody's twitter is looking about how it changes our society, our democracy, and to that matter, the world. i'll start with a tail that raj told at dinner. he's the u.s. aig d he said that siting there in the square tweeting the location of the demonstrations was -- something she had learned as a class at the american university in cairo called social media under

authority yaren regimes. one of eric's employees at google really did help start the square revolution. i'll start with eric, dwhrowch think the revolutions of the arab spring were effected by technology? >> the revolutionary uses the tools and technology available to them. i went to libya right after gadhafi was killed. what was interesting in talking to people, they had tried to overthrow the evil dictator multiple times. many had died from it. the leaders in tunisia found you had to sensor the media. they failed to sensor the internet. they were too old.

the syrian dictator learned that. i believe as much as we would love to take credit for this we should give the real credit to the courageous people who risked their lives. we were simply a tool for them to start something. i should also say that it's easier thanks to twitter, facebook, and youtube to start a revolution. but it's not any easier to finish it. and we're a inthawl part, i think, in a larger thing. the saying is that you use twitter to get people out on the streets, use facebook to organize them, and youtube to show the results. >> you made a good point it's harder to end a revolution. any 1989 i was covering eastern europe. they had were using faxes and.

[inaudible] in the they created revolutions that leaders when the revolutions succeeded, you knew who was going to be in charge. do internet revolutions inheritly lack the capacity to create leaders and industrialize authority? >> great leaders are rare. they're rare in those countries too. they're rare in the u.s. so you need -- seriously. somebody who can overcome the many, many voices so forth. indeed it's harder because of social media. they're addicting to following themselves in social media and news coverage. you need somebody who can rise above and who can unify these. in libya, for exmple, there were 80 malitias that came together and fought the battle. if you lack at syria today there are like ten or fifteen unified. they unit unifying using the

tools available to them. there's no obvious natural leader who spent 30 years fighting the great fight. assuming this dictator goes, how will it be replaced? maybe thel end up with a great one or a series of six months rotating near-civil war governments. you don't know. >> it was the muslim brotherhood that was organizing the streets for thirty years. >> the muslim brotherhood is interesting. because they were secretive and because many of them were jailed and highly religious, they organized in their very charismatic. ignoring the question of social values. what's interesting about the brotherhood and the group that did in tunisia, they don't actually tell do you what they're going to do. they are very careful just like our politicians. lftd right.

to not actually say what the tradeoffs they're going to make are. >> dick, how do you see the rev revolution on twitter. did you think you issue going to be a tabors like that? not all. i'd start off by saying that mubarak was on the game, he would are had some people attending social media for under author tear yain regimes. in fact, during the eventer in iran, a couple of years earlier we were getting ready to plan maintenance. twitter was an infant, we were getting ready -- the state department conducted us about the iran and ask us to postpone. it was an eye opener for everyone in the country. we didn't -- we sort of found out what was going on in too

tunisia via e-mail. he is now the interior minister. you have to start somewhere, i guess. we sort of found out how they were using twitter to organize protests and tell everyone where to meet. so it's kind of washing over you. it's nothing we anticipated or planned for or were even do anything to promote. it's all been us reacting to how people have used it. >> have you had difficult decisions wn you say being called on the state department, i assume it was partly eric coauthor of the crowd to call you. what tough decisions have you had to make now that twitter has become such a [inaudible] tool in this world? >> there have been a bunch.

we are locked in iran and china. you have to -- you know, as eric well familiar with. you have to make lots of decisions about what you will and won't do in those kinds of lace. places. we remain blocked? iran and china. there are . >> what will you do in china to push back? >> we're not going to go there in the way we would to go into the country now. provide access to the sensor and sensor the tweets they want to sensor before they go out to the public. we're not going to cothat. i imagine with the new government coming in, it'll be much worse for a period of time. it'll be worse for the company that have twitter. -like clones. bewere in -- we were in pakistan for a couple of days and asked to remove a certain number of

tweets otherwise the service wouldn't be brought back. we didn't remove them but they ult pately brought us back up anyway. in turkey, as you moe, it is considered egregious to rude call at the turk, we'll get occasionallal messages from the government officials there saying you need to delete the tweets that are ridiculing or we're going take the service down. we don't do that. you're constantly trying to find out what you need to balance in terms of letting people have access to the tool and making shiewr sure you're not sensorring. >> walk us through the tough decisions you had to make on china and other places. >> i think dick described it perfectly. you have a situation where you have some statistic citizens of x country want.

the government doesn't want them. it's a power play. so in turkey, for example, we were blocked for nine months on youtube because of a single video. it may have been that the generals were a little concerned about some of the other videos that were on youtube that no one would tell us about. they have envoted, by the way, in a censorship law, which apply toss every internetted connection which allows them to sensor them any ip level. >> do you especially in the youtube part of your business try to circumvent that? >> the more we circumvent the more likely our lows end up in jail and turkish jail is not that good. broad band isn't that fast. it's a fine line. our employees face a risk of incarceration and are often hauled in and threatened. we haven't had any worse about

that. china is a long story i'll summarize. >> you pulled out china a bit? >> we felt it was better to engage rather than to estranged. i think there's a proper philosophy. our theory was we create something incredibly valuable the citizens of china in our arrogant view, we provide great value, that the government will be forced to over time open us up the censorship is not going to be okay. we did that for five yeas. the censorship got worse, not better. after the chinese government or the proxies attacked us for month and stole a bunch of stuff. we have corrected that. after they engaged in a long and severe campaign monitor the

question mails of human rights activists we said enough is enough. you gave us a speech. one country, two systems. we're moving to hong kong. they didn't like it. there's a firewall it's known as the great firewall. [laughter] the firewall is a censorship it was a proxy firewall which basically when the information goes through it automatically sensors. we saw the problem making the chinese problem doing theceps or soship. what are the kinds of things that are censored? illegal for me to tell you. since i'm not planning on going there any time soon. i'll give you the summary. the mayor's son is arrested. a phone call comes from the police which says deheat that reference. it's not political thought too too much. it's not the kind of things we mostly spend our time. it's things that are personally

embarrassing to the leadership and the personal leadership. >> people i don't think maybe understand the magnitude of how hard the government of china will come down on even simple sarcasm. the woman in china who was accessing twitter via virtual networking in cree, retweeted a sarcastic joke that someone made about a local chinese official. all she did was hit the retweet button. she was sent to a labor camp for a year. >> the guy in pakistan who tweeted a comment about the basically mohammed who pleadly deleted fled to indonesia foolishly announced the location was arrested and saudi arabia and hasn't heard from sense. >> there is example after example of, you you know what would think as the tinniest

remarking that was you always consider to be cruel punishment. >> is it getting better or worse in china? >> the censorship in aggravate is getting worse. it's sensible to believe they're losing. rate adoption of the chinese social media and so fort, they can't stop that. and so, you know, even if twitter was blocked, which in my view is a terrible thing and bad for everybody, and the way they block it they make it impossible get there. they just say no. and they don't care. they're not elected, remember. it was the way in which the chinese train incident where the train turned to be to by and the government lied. in a dictatorship the government has an ego and cares about being

embarrassed. even there, twittedder and inspired followers change the government. it's a remarkable. right. >> do you think that the advent of information technology, and the free flow that it enables inevitable usher -- pushes toward individual empower and democracy. >> it pushes for individual empowerment. you're empowering individuals with the devices. the numbers are staggering. going roughly 2 billion like smartphones on the order of 6 or 7 billion. it's reasonable to expect in the next ten years all the both tom billion will have reasonable high quality smart phones and a reasonable data connection. whether that produces democracy is, i think, sort of a western view. i don't think you prove it one

way or the other. i have actually . >> natural connection between individual empowerment and the desire to . >> that's a western view. a different view you can say it produces chaos it has to be appropriate. >> that's a western view too. [laughter] tell us about the book. >> my point, it doesn't necessarily follow this extraordinary empowerment which is so good. we're so excited about dick -- follow the lead to free elections and the party. those came out of much more complex social logical events. my own view, i have come to this. the future is going to be much more unpredictable and much more bizarre than we think. the reason i say that is that twenty years ago, i was sitting my office at "sun" and i sorlgt of thought i understood everything. there was nothing new. one day mark invented the web

browser. all of sudden i discovered there was all of these voices i had not heard before. we are about to go through the sometime phenomena on the global scale because the smartphones, the twitter, the platforms. we haven't hearded from them. it's presummer use to assume they're going to want particular democracy. from a book perspective, my conclusion the summary i would say, the rate at which things are happening is going to accelerate. in america we assume everything is static and changing slowing down and questioning boar i are. this is false. the flat plat -- platforms we were talking about there are many platforms that will be a massive scale that will empower new forms of social activity. it's literally at the global

scale moalgd interpersonal behavior. >> do you see, dick, people using -- do they use it differently and do you learn from that? >> sure. the short answer is yes. they do. for example, pick un? in japan, specifically the japanese use it a lot more as an alternative form of communication to say text message or a phone call than as opposed to away to keep up with news or follow the interest or follow what the heroes are saying. [inaudible] in reaction to the events of fukushima and the earthquake and the tsunami. but it's absolutely the case they use it more as an alternative form of personal communication than people in the rest of the world. in brazil, it is almost

exclusively in text to follow celebrities and celebrity as opposed to keeping up with the news or following your interest or keeping up with events. there are absolutely -- it is absolutely the case that people around the world use it much differently. >> what have you learned from outed olympics tie that you have? how does it work? >> the olympics has been fantastic. one of the fascinating things about the olympics the, i think, has been this -- i think it will be interesting for media of the people in the media industry to understand this change that we're going through from a filter outside-view in of the event where there's a broadcaster and they interview michael phelps before or after the race and you get the linear progression that delivered to you in a certain way.

now, before, during and after the event you have the very much this unfiltered inside out view of the event from the participates and people at the event even some of the participates taking photoof the guy three lanes over and tweeting it. >> i loved at the opening ceremony, every athlete marching in seemed to be taking photos. >> and tweeting it. >> it brought a tear to my eye. [laughter] i think it will fundamentally change the way media starts to think about how they deliver events to the us. because it will no longer, start to get boring if their view is the singled filter outside in view while there's an, you know, a dratmatic multiperspective view. >> leaving aside. it's feeling sorry for the nbc folks who spend all this money

to do something which is time delayed and they inserted a lot of ads and feature stories and wonderful narratives ever how the at locates and their personal stories and so forth. there's an alternative narrative watch the olympics via twitter. all right. boom, boom, boom. it's just a different choice. on that point hashtag nbc. how do you nbc feels about the almost trumping them in some ways? >> we have an actually partnership with nbc we're working on the olympics with. i make no claims how they decide to broadcast what they broadcast. the partnership has been fantastic for us. the partnership with the, i oc has been fantastic. you know, the london organizing committee has cameras at the events. sorry inside the events just tweeting taking pictures an

tweeting them. there's a pool can camera in the pool at the bottom of the pool tweeting photos of the swimmers as they dive into the pool. you're getting the fascinating inside out perspective. i think that enhances what nbc is doing. they have the broadcast aspect what they're doing to think about as it relates to going in real time. >> let me switch and ask the zoe question. >> yay, yeah. >> if you were, you know, in the administration, chief technology office, what should america be doing now government doing now to make sure we have staying competitive. >> i am a member of the p cast a science advisory for the president. one of the things to know is that america's technological leadership came with an awful

lot of help from the government. it started out through world war ii. there was a gentleman, mr. bush who foresaw the underlying science infrastructure. it created everything that dick and i and represent. in the '40s and '50s. they laid the groundwork for physics. all that for people to say, yeah, dc a frist sector. they don't understand how it really works. the question is not does it have a role, what is the right role? it's clear that america's leadership research universities is the key part of that. 18 of the top 20 leading university until the world. china had 0. sorry to go back to the subject. and the fact of the matter is there's something about the american educational system at

the higher level, college and beyond, which produces people who can create things of great value for the world. we fled invest in that. let start with investing more education. at every level. it doesn't mean giving higher raises for union members. [applause] it means creating choices by measurement systems. we are going back to producing students as good as the koreans, the japanese, the indians. if you're not willing to take it as a bias. it's hard have a conversation. to me, it is an obviously true political point. i don't understand why there is a debate. ung it's because some of the political leadership operate on the assumption that the facts are optional. [laughter] ..

we were recruiting this young woman who graduate with it computer science degree from princeton, and we interviewed her and decided we wanted to higher. she was between twitter, facebook and google. she ended up going to google.

i said let me get on the phone with her because maybe if the ceo calls are, this really makes me look bad now. [laughter] and so i did that and i got on the phone with her and she called me mr. costs are low because no network addresses me that way. i had this conversation with her which i thought went really well and then she said at the end, i just want to thank you for taking the time out. i know you're probably extremely busy. and it's just been incredible for me to speak the last few days with executives from twitter and facebook and google. i had this realization, you know, it's that hard to find a woman in engineering that indicated that well with us in america. it's a real problem. >> it's important to know there are shortages of advanced talent in the midwest.

because what happens is the new machines are sufficiently complicated to operate that unique people with college engineering degrees to operate them. we are not producing enough of them in this country. and because we don't allow foreigners to come and work here because we don't want them to come and pay taxes and create new companies and make lots more money for everybody, i'm sorry, i'll stop. [laughter] >> we are the immigration. >> i always like to get to the stupidest policy of the government. >> but here's something i don't understand. of the technology and digital revolution has totally transformed most industries. i happen to come up in the magazine and journalism industry. talk about destruction. and yet the one place that hasn't truly been disrupted is the education industry. that textbooks most people are still getting textbooks. of course, all of them are

coming along, yet it's almost every place you go, there's a teacher standing in front of the blackboard whether a college or k-12. >> what you conclude is the educational system, pillow college is run for the benefit of the adults, not the children. [applause] >> but that's a simple explanation and there are many, many possible solutions and we should try them all. and we should also measure the outcomes. >> we do teach statistics in high school. we should apply them. [laughter] [applause] >> give me an example of how technology could disrupt the classroom model. >> i'm not on the board of the academy. they were central in creating opportunity that may be the opportunity, educational opportunity of a lifetime.

roughly speaking, a 10 minute videos. they are on youtube and everybody watches them. we have about 3 million videos there watching every day. big members. they had a brilliant idea of saying what happens if you in first the classroom and to go to the point where the student goes on, they watch the videos rather than doing homework, and they do the homework in class. the have interesting and powerful software. they move along, and the early results, which are being audited and so forth, indicate a materially significant improvement and advancement in middle and high school classes. one statistic was valid. in the normal business if somebody showed you that you would immediately adopted. i can assure that it will take us about 30 years to do it in america, but nevertheless there is real proof that new technologies to education can work. the way to understand it is if

you are building knowledge and you get stuck inthe classroom, you lose the whole year because everyone was forward and you don't. where as if you can come up with technology that can help you learn aggressively and in interest reading -- in an interesting way, that is fun and interesting, you will excel. they have plenty of examples of people who would've been marginalized. they just have trouble with long division. >> dick, tell me how you think about twitter any larger social context, what it can do, whether it be education, democracy, whatever. >> i think in the broader social context the way i think about it is, we've talked about for years and years the fact that technology removes these barriers of time and distance between people's communications, become almost tried to talk about. i think it is now so collapsed with these real-time communication platforms, and so

illuminated that the barrier of time and distance that all these other artificial barriers are being removed, like the barriers of socioeconomic status, the barriers of status to communication. and that will afford all sorts of opportunities in government and in education. just to continue document education, salman rushdie uses twitter all the time. and, in fact, he gets these remarkable conversations with other literary figures on twitter about fiction. and if you follow all of them, you'll get a remarkable education and have to crack a character and have a think about character and have a think about each other's works and why they prefer this work by the south african writer, this work by this other south african writer. it's remarkable. and it's all free. so you think if you're teaching a creative writing course, one of the things you would do is

gather a list of these remarkable authors who are getting all this advice for free and bring them into the classroom. >> could that be a next phase of twitter what you try to facilitate that consciously? >> i think what we'll try to do is facilitate the ability for others to do, for others to curate these collections of conversations that are going on. we don't do a very good job of servicing those now. there so many remarkable conversations that take place on a platform. and i will even find out out what some of them six months after they happen. one of my favorite conversation of all times, almost a year ago sarah silverman tweeted whenever your family is driving you crazy, just pretend you're in a woody allen movie. [laughter] the response which is even better was from me if there who tweeted tried that, didn't work. [laughter]

i know, it's fantastic. she's my hero for significant i didn't know about that until four months after it happened. that should be front and center so we need to provide the ability for people to curate speak what is the next phase for twitter? >> that kind of thing, providing events like this and the conversations around the events and the accounts that people should associate with these events. been broader topics, more generalized topics that don't have beginnings and ends like events. >> eric, do you worry at times a social media, twitter, whatever maybe, can be either polarizing to our discourse or alienating in some ways? >> no. [laughter] what is causing the polarization social discourse? >> with a polarization and discourse for hundreds of years. go back to the broadsheet in 1890 in britain. look at something exciting.

all you're seeing is the old behavior using new forms and we're finding out how people are really made. it's wonderful. think about all these voices are cadigan, a sarah silverman story. you never would've heard that. now you can hit with 1000 more like it. spent a good thing when the challenges of the challenges we have is we allow student input on twitter like he fell in tunisia who tweets under the name slim 404, which hopefully isn't his actual name. i do think one of the challenges for us is there are two sides to that coin of anonymity. it enables maybe and facilitate little speech, but it also fosters hate speech. it's easy to hide behind anonymity and shout whatever disgusting obscenities you want that anybody on the platform. so, you know, i think that we sometimes have a tendency speaking frankly about twitter to give ourselves credit for

fostering, you know, political speech in being the free speech wing of the free speech party but we just have to keep in mind there's another side to that, and it's not necessary as helpful as the other. >> i'll come back to that. >> action, let me put you -- is a bit too much anonymity? >> i was going to say something slightly different. we would answer this question by saying it's a ranking. that's what google does. frankly, if you don't want to be full of hate speech, then it should be relatively easy for the systems to figure out what you like and to organize, the way you see sort of both the hs will politically appropriate stuff that you want. and anonymity has its negatives. there are places where, for example, anonymity is really a problem. there's also places where anonymity is incredibly important.

take a look at mexico, because the government, the locals are bought off. you cannot use a help line because people believed that the helpline is bugged. so you need to actually have real anonymity, absolute cryptographic anonymity to get people to tell you what they would know because they are so afraid of retribution. so it's a fine line. we will figure out, as a society, where real anonymity is appropriate and where it is a terrible idea. >> and in google+ you are feeling your way there. what if you don't? >> we started again a very controversial decision. we acquired a real names policy and we felt that in sort of seating these networks and the seating of a social network is very important. who was in it, is it appropriate come is the behavior appropriate or is it interesting for the right people. twitter did a fantastic job on this, whether by brilliant design or by accident, they are

the example of how to get this right. and we have now liberalized that for the same reasons that slim 400 for example. it's much easier to liberalize it than to restrict it. >> do you think that anonymity leads to a course for dialogue? >> there's lots of evidence that people online say things they shouldn't, and that they wouldn't face to face. this has been known ever since e-mail. they all think and look e-mail and think before you press send, okay? just think. and if you have to think, then you probably shouldn't press send. simple rule. that's been known for a long time. what now is your the generation of people who haven't understood that there is no delete button. and so if you look at this, i interrupted you with the example on twitter with the fellow who made a sarcastic tweet about

mohammed, he deleted it in something like five seconds. but five seconds is long enough that you are now on death row in saudi arabia. and it's really important to understand that this is the generation that is not going to be defined by what they tweet, what the facebook and all the future because that is just not going away. >> let me end with this question to both of you. the last two revolutions, the 20 years in which the internet was web centric and web dominated, have been the advent of social networks and the advent of mobile. and those in some ways come together. what do you see as the next big thing, instead of going to happen in the digital realm? >> so, i think it will be something that emerges out of the fact that mobile computing is very close to being ubiquitous, that we probably can't conceive of yet.

it's so changes the way people interact with their world, the fact that they have an always on device with them, that's sensitive to all this information pouring into it. what i'm hearing right now, where im, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. that will foster some sort of innovation or revolution that we can't conceive of. >> do you think there will be natural interfaces, almost machine intelligence, machine learning? >> certainly. we're talking about the turing test earlier. i do think that at some point probably sooner than we would like there will be some form of passing the turing test. you already see things with technology. this was the turing test is essentially to boil it down, a test of whether behind sort of close partition you can ask a series of questions and not be able to determine whether it's a human or a machine answering those questions. you know, i'm are you amazed by

things that siri does. at a hop skip and jump with the sorts of machine learning that some of our great scientists are doing to be able to think of, you know, passing the turing test soon and probably like as a sooner than probably anyone would like. >> i like to think of it is not as a mobile phone but rather as a supercomputer, which happens to interface. so i want you to think about is think that in five years or 10 years, this is a 40 or $50 device as technology cheapens and volume increases. so when you have that many platforms that people carry around all the time, what will life be like? well, these are very personal devices to everyone of you has been on the. the protocol is you would never take it from someone. you never look at it without their permission. the highly personal device already. so as a technology gets better

and again, i should say, it's all with your permission, 500 times, these devices can help you decide where you should go, who you should meet, what your choices are. it can alert you to things going on around you. so it's the intersection of mobile, local and commerce essentially on this single platform, which was not really possible into the last few years that will engender a whole new generation of googles, facebook, twitter's, so forth. the hot investment right now in venture is in this area, as young entrepreneurs, the 22 year-old come if you will, are coming out and grown up only with this model to see how lives can change. backed up by extraordinary development in artificial intelligence and cheap learning. computers are very, very good at needle in haystack problems, and very good with memories.

we are not good at either of those. so one way to answer your question is to imagine the separation of man and machine. that we do what we really good at which is being human, and these things do what we are not particularly to do. they remember everything. they think very deep suggestion. they keep you entertained with knowledge and education. >> thank you all very much. [applause] you can see why we are honoring them tonight. >> bravo, thank you. >> those of you who are kind enough to be part of our gala dinner tonight, let's all proceed to the center where we'll have cocktails and then on are our three people, thank you all very much. >> we are taking you live now to the center for strategic and international studies here in washington for a panel discussion this morning on the

u.s. economic and security strategy in asia. among the speakers will hear from, former deputy secretary of state richard armitage. live coverage now here on c-span2. >> the direction for the policy projected in the united states, and i think it's had an impact as well in japan with our friends in japan. so they see the significance of the day, the significance of the events of these days, and said there needs to be some additional attention on this topic. and what you have before you is a fine study with true actionable things you can do. and i think that's really going to be the crux of the day. what you have here, i rather jokingly said, it's like an old dutch masters print except the two of the in. thank goodness with some diversity in this group. we are grateful for that. so i would say thank you to all of you for having been participants in this very

important effort, and secretary armitage-nye let me turn it to you to get into the concept of the day. thanks all for coming. we look forward to hearing your questions. >> thank you very much. as always, we are gratified to be with our landlord. and we are very grateful to csis for all the assistance in helping with this rollout. and i want to say thanks to both joe and me for our colleagues who assisted mightily all who are assembled before you, and to others, actually three, victor cha it was traveling, and frank who is an observer of the process. and you are looking at a bipartisan group. all three of our reports have had bipartisan participation. and we think that's one of the important singles. second, if you look at this group, we are not all old. some of us have a little more -- than others, but in a way you

are seeing a new generation of folks who are interested in asia and certainly interested in japan. that was another message that we want to send and we hope that this will encourage folks in japan, younger folks in japan to step up a little more and i will issue security studies in japan's place in the world, et cetera. i'm going from fma, to you what we're going to do today and then i will make a short introduction. after my introduction of going to read a short paragraph from joe and i. will ask mike green to talk about where we are in the alliance but there's always going -- only going to be five minutes segments that most. that will leave plenty of tougher questions and answers. that will be followed by bob mcnally will talk about energy security, something i think both of those have a huge interest in. kevin is going to speak about the macro issue of trade and macro economics followed by

david who will speak about an idea he came up with, we are calling -- i let him explain it to you. torkel patterson will talk briefly about relations with neighbors, something quite topical, particularly in the last couple of days in the region. randy schriver will talk about the rewrites of china. after all, that is the backdrop everything that is going on. sak sakoda will talk about security issues and do some real meat in those recommendation. isabella mroczkowski is going to speak about the pko. there is discussion in tokyo about pko. we have some views on it, and isabella will let you know those. and mike and i will wrap it up. and we will turn it over to you and there will be three microphones spread around, interns running around with microphones and you will be up to stand up, please identify yourself and ask her questions. and i will ask mike green who knows most of you to sort of him see that particular aspect of the presentation.

so if i might let me start the introduction as follows. for our point of view, this report comes at a time of some drift in our relationship. we are not assigning blame to the. in fact, we do know that kurt campbell who is our excellent assistant secretary for east asian pacific and his colleagues at the department of state and colleagues have done their best to keep this relationship stable in a very difficult time. but because of this read/write in china, because of the difficulties emanating from north korea, because of the dynamism of asia, and because of broader security concerns, and yes, i meant iran and others, staying the same place is not sufficient in being stable is not sufficient. we've got to move forward. from our point of view, for an alliance such as are still exist and thrive, we have to approach it from the perspective of a t-1 nation. what do i mean by this?

a t-1 nation is a nation that is economic weight, capability military forces, global vision, and is willing to take leadership of international concerns. it's clear as you read our report that we think the u.s. can better support this alliance, and we should do so. but there is not a question i think in the minds of most of you, and certainly none of us, about the fact that the united states is going to be a tier one nation. and will continue to be a tier one nation. but japan, however, it's time for decisions. japan has a decision to make. and that is, does japan continue as a tier one nation, or are they content to drift into tier two status? and if the tier two is okay with the people of japan and the government of japan, i recommend you close the report, don't read

any further. there's no need. from our point of view, we say that japan is capable of remaining a tier one nation, but we have questions about japan's disposition, does she dare do this. the u.s. needs a strong japan. we believe japan needs a strong u.s. and for japan to remain standing shoulder to shoulder with the united states, she's going to have to move forward with us. and you will see at the very end of our report that we have recommendations for the united states, recommendations for japan. and recommendations for our alliance. let me read from joe nye the following and then turn things over to mike green. he has asked me to say the following. for nearly two decades, i've had the pleasure of working with richard armitage to promote our shared view that the next its alliance with japan is the essential bedrock of a stable

and prosperous east asia. this is the third in a series of bipartisan reports that are designed to develop better understanding of the importance of that relationship to the united states, to japan, and to the world. we are appealing to americans to rise above any partisanship in reaffirming the importance of our relationship with japan, and to our japanese friends, to elevate their site in think about strengthening japan's positive role over the long term. some of our recommendations will be welcomed. others not. but all are offered in the spirit of friendship and concern for our future together. thank you. mike? >> thank you all for coming. let me say two things before we turn to the specific assessments and recommendations. first, what distinguishes this report and the two reports that this group produced previously

in 2002007 is the premise that the united states as an asia-pacific power is right to anchor its strategy in an alliance with the major maritime power on the western side of the pacific, japan. and that this is not a question of choosing between japan and china, between northeast asia and southeast asia british were about how you approach the whole reason which is why to thousands of the title of the report was u.s.-japan a light, getting asia right. we had to get the alliance right. this as i think a long pedigree in american strategic thought towards asia. 200 years ago in the midst of the war of 1812, captain david porter on the uss essex was caught up on eastern seaboard by the royal navy, and he called his office is together and announced the audacious plan to round the cape and attack british shipping in the pacific. it was the first u.s. warship ever to enter the pacific.

and merchants from new york and boston new but trade with china, but porter in back and said at the nation as a maritime power we had to anchor our presence with the other maritime -- the great naval strategist, in the midst of world war ii joseph and others argued that we did not need a punitive peace. we need a piece which and would be an anchor of stability, and on the cold war alliances were premised on that, and went richard armitage was deputy assistant to the secretary of defense during the reagan administration, the maritime strategy for did with expansion of the soviets was also premised on this maritime approach to the region. when joe nye took over the assistant secretary job in the 1990s, it became administrative policy and has been a bipartisan approach ever since in the clinton, bush, and the obama administration. it's a recognition of our role as an asia-pacific power but important as a maritime power. so that's the premise from which

we started these reports. second point is that the united states has an interest in friendship with japan, alignment with japan, but we have a national interest in japan being as secretary armitage said, a first-tier power. and one of the assumptions we run into this report was that japan can achieve that objective, that there are untapped sources of power in japan that would unleash sources of influence on the international scene. japan, for example, in the article of what you and i would call soft power is a first-tier superpower. i just finished april with the chicago council global affairs will be announcing soon come japan and the united states is the most trusted countries in the world after uk and canada, in that poll and in many others. in bbc polling japan is consistently ranked numbeone of two african the world in terms of respect. samsung economic research institute has a global survey on

national brands around the world. japan was number two, and after march 11, 2011, in response put up to number one. so in soft power, japan has enormous potential. how you tap it is a hard operational -- the self-defense forces are a resource that has not been sufficiently utilized. today in japanese polling, the self-defense forces are usually listed as the most trusted institution in japan. the resources and capabilities are there, and this was just in our report, loosening some of the constraints would give a real asset to japan and the world. the role of women, goldman sachs has done studies that suggest in their modeling that if japan had participation in the workforce at the oecd level by women, a gdp growth would increase at an annual basis by something like 0.3% which is quite considerable. and trade.